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Clearly there was warfare back and forth between Palenque and its neighbor to the south. This seems to have transpired outside the context of the great Classic Period rivalry between Tikal and Calakmul and the allies and subordinates of these powerful states. Yet any temporary power vacuum along the Usumacinta River created by the realignments of this rivalry might well have brought Palenque and Toniná into conflict as they vied to fill the void.